⭐ Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25–28)
This right ensures religious freedom while maintaining public order, morality, and health.
Religion–State Balance Flow
Freedom of Conscience ➜ Practice & Propagation ➜ Reasonable Restrictions ➜ Secular State
📜 Article 25 – Freedom of Conscience and Religion
Subject to public order, morality and health, all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practise and propagate religion.
➜ Includes atheists
➜ Does NOT protect illegal or secular activities
📜 Article 26 – Freedom to Manage Religious Affairs
Every religious denomination shall have the right—
(a) to establish and maintain institutions for
religious and charitable purposes
(b) to manage its own affairs in matters of
religion
(c) to own and acquire
movable and immovable property
(d) to administer such property in accordance with
law
📜 Article 27 – Freedom from Taxation for Promotion of Religion
No person shall be compelled to pay any taxes, the proceeds of which are specifically appropriated in payment of expenses for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion.
📜 Article 28 – Freedom from Religious Instruction in Educational Institutions
(1) No religious instruction shall be provided in any educational institution wholly maintained out of
State funds.
(2) This shall not apply to institutions administered by the State but established under any
endowment or trust.
(3) No person attending any educational institution shall be required to take part in any
religious instruction or worship without consent.
📊 UPSC Importance Rating – Articles 25–28
| Article | Prelims | Mains |
| Article 25 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| Article 26 | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| Article 27 | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| Article 28 | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ |
“A secular State is not irreligious; it respects all religions equally.” – Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
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